Law-lib.com 2022-5-25 15:46:05 最高人民法院
2022年5月25日，最高人民法院發(fā)布《最高人民法院關(guān)于加強(qiáng)區(qū)塊鏈司法應(yīng)用的意見》（以下簡(jiǎn)稱《意見》）。這是人民法院深入貫徹習(xí)近平法治思想、落實(shí)習(xí)近平總書記關(guān)于推動(dòng)區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)創(chuàng)新發(fā)展重要指示精神的具體舉措，將進(jìn)一步推進(jìn)人民法院運(yùn)用以區(qū)塊鏈為代表的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)加速人民法院數(shù)字化變革、創(chuàng)造更高水平數(shù)字正義，促進(jìn)法治與科技深度融合發(fā)展、推動(dòng)智慧法治建設(shè)邁向更高層次。
以習(xí)近平同志為核心的黨中央高度重視區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)應(yīng)用和發(fā)展。習(xí)近平總書記強(qiáng)調(diào)，要把區(qū)塊鏈作為核心技術(shù)自主創(chuàng)新的重要突破口，加快推動(dòng)區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)和產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng)新發(fā)展，積極推進(jìn)區(qū)塊鏈和經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)融合發(fā)展。近年來，人民法院大力推進(jìn)區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)在司法領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用，建成人民法院司法區(qū)塊鏈平臺(tái)，司法區(qū)塊鏈上鏈存證超過22億條，存固證據(jù)、智能輔助、卷宗管理等方面應(yīng)用效能和規(guī)范程度不斷提升，電子證據(jù)、電子送達(dá)存驗(yàn)證防篡改等應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景落地見效。
為進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)區(qū)塊鏈在司法領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用，充分發(fā)揮區(qū)塊鏈在促進(jìn)司法公信、服務(wù)社會(huì)治理、防范化解風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、推動(dòng)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展等方面的作用，最高人民法院在充分調(diào)研、廣泛征求意見、多方論證基礎(chǔ)上，制定出臺(tái)《意見》。《意見》包括七個(gè)部分32條內(nèi)容，明確人民法院加強(qiáng)區(qū)塊鏈司法應(yīng)用總體要求及人民法院區(qū)塊鏈平臺(tái)建設(shè)要求，提出區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)在提升司法公信力、提高司法效率、增強(qiáng)司法協(xié)同能力、服務(wù)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)治理等四個(gè)方面典型場(chǎng)景應(yīng)用方向，明確區(qū)塊鏈應(yīng)用保障措施。《意見》主要有以下幾個(gè)鮮明特點(diǎn)：
一是提出建成互通共享的司法區(qū)塊鏈聯(lián)盟。《意見》提出到2025年，建成人民法院與社會(huì)各行各業(yè)互通共享的區(qū)塊鏈聯(lián)盟，數(shù)據(jù)核驗(yàn)、可信操作、智能合約、跨鏈協(xié)同等基礎(chǔ)支持能力大幅提升，司法區(qū)塊鏈跨鏈聯(lián)盟融入經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)運(yùn)行體系，主動(dòng)服務(wù)營(yíng)商環(huán)境優(yōu)化、經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)治理、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防范化解和產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng)新發(fā)展，服務(wù)平安中國(guó)、法治中國(guó)、數(shù)字中國(guó)和誠(chéng)信中國(guó)建設(shè)，形成中國(guó)特色、世界領(lǐng)先的區(qū)塊鏈司法領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用模式。
二是明確人民法院區(qū)塊鏈平臺(tái)建設(shè)要求。《意見》明確要求人民法院加強(qiáng)區(qū)塊鏈應(yīng)用頂層設(shè)計(jì)、持續(xù)推進(jìn)跨鏈協(xié)同應(yīng)用能力建設(shè)、提升司法區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)能力、建設(shè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)司法區(qū)塊鏈驗(yàn)證平臺(tái)、建立健全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范體系。《意見》提出要打造開放共享的全國(guó)法院司法區(qū)塊鏈平臺(tái)，加強(qiáng)司法區(qū)塊鏈平臺(tái)與各行業(yè)區(qū)塊鏈平臺(tái)跨鏈聯(lián)盟建設(shè)，持續(xù)提升協(xié)同能力；要在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)端建設(shè)司法區(qū)塊鏈驗(yàn)證平臺(tái)，支持當(dāng)事人等相關(guān)主體對(duì)調(diào)解數(shù)據(jù)、電子證據(jù)、訴訟文書等司法數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行真?zhèn)魏蓑?yàn)。
三是提出運(yùn)用區(qū)塊鏈數(shù)據(jù)防篡改技術(shù)提升司法公信力。《意見》提出推進(jìn)人民法院電子卷宗、電子檔案、司法統(tǒng)計(jì)報(bào)表等司法數(shù)據(jù)上鏈存儲(chǔ)，推動(dòng)執(zhí)行案件等數(shù)據(jù)和操作上鏈存證，推動(dòng)人民法院送達(dá)的訴訟文書和送達(dá)回執(zhí)在司法區(qū)塊鏈平臺(tái)統(tǒng)一存儲(chǔ)，保障司法數(shù)據(jù)安全、操作合規(guī)。《意見》明確健全完善區(qū)塊鏈平臺(tái)證據(jù)核驗(yàn)功能，支持當(dāng)事人和法官在線核驗(yàn)通過區(qū)塊鏈存儲(chǔ)的電子證據(jù)，推動(dòng)完善區(qū)塊鏈存證的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)則，提升電子證據(jù)認(rèn)定的效率和質(zhì)量。
四是提出應(yīng)用區(qū)塊鏈優(yōu)化業(yè)務(wù)流程提高司法效率。《意見》提出支持立案信息流轉(zhuǎn)應(yīng)用、調(diào)解與審判流程銜接應(yīng)用、審判與執(zhí)行流程銜接聯(lián)動(dòng)、提升執(zhí)行效率、支持執(zhí)行干警便捷辦案等五個(gè)典型應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景，提高業(yè)務(wù)流程自動(dòng)化水平，提升司法效率。《意見》提出建立調(diào)解協(xié)議不履行自動(dòng)觸發(fā)審判立案、執(zhí)行立案等業(yè)務(wù)規(guī)則和智能合約程序，增強(qiáng)調(diào)解程序司法權(quán)威，支持多元糾紛化解。
五是提出應(yīng)用區(qū)塊鏈互通聯(lián)動(dòng)促進(jìn)司法協(xié)同。《意見》提出構(gòu)建人民法院與司法行政部門跨鏈協(xié)同應(yīng)用，支持實(shí)現(xiàn)參與訴訟活動(dòng)的律師資質(zhì)、信用報(bào)告在線查詢及核驗(yàn)，提高核驗(yàn)實(shí)時(shí)性；提出構(gòu)建人民法院與檢察、公安、司法行政等部門的跨鏈協(xié)同應(yīng)用，提高案件在線流轉(zhuǎn)效率和數(shù)據(jù)互信水平；構(gòu)建人民法院與行政執(zhí)法、不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記、金融證券保險(xiǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)、聯(lián)合信用懲戒等單位的跨鏈協(xié)同應(yīng)用，建立自動(dòng)化執(zhí)行查控和信用懲戒模式，提高協(xié)同執(zhí)行工作效率。
六是提出利用區(qū)塊鏈聯(lián)盟互信服務(wù)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)治理。《意見》提出推進(jìn)構(gòu)建與知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)、市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管、產(chǎn)權(quán)登記、交易平臺(tái)、數(shù)據(jù)權(quán)屬、數(shù)據(jù)交易、金融機(jī)構(gòu)、相關(guān)政府部門等區(qū)塊鏈平臺(tái)跨鏈協(xié)同應(yīng)用機(jī)制，支持知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)、營(yíng)商環(huán)境優(yōu)化、數(shù)據(jù)開發(fā)利用、金融信息流轉(zhuǎn)應(yīng)用、企業(yè)破產(chǎn)重組、征信體系建設(shè)等。
On May 25, 2022, the Supreme People’s Court of the People’s Republic of China released the “Opinions of the Supreme People’s Court on Strengthening Blockchain Application in the Judicial Field” (hereinafter referred as “the Opinions”), which indicates the concrete actions of the people’s courts in thoroughly implementing the Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law and General Secretary Xi Jinping’s valuable instructions on promoting the innovative development of the blockchain technology. By further facilitating the people’s courts to accelerate the digital transformation with the support of key technologies represented by blockchain and to achieve a higher level of digital justice, the Opinions will promote the in-depth integrated development of the rule of law and technology as well as the higher-quality intelligent rule of law.
The CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has attached great importance to the application and development of blockchain technology. General Secretary Xi Jinping noted that the blockchain should serve as an essential breakthrough point in independently innovating core technologies and he called for speedy efforts in boosting the innovative development of blockchain technology and industry so as to actively promote the integrated development of blockchain, economy, and society. In recent years, the people’s courts have vigorously furthered the blockchain application in the judicial field by establishing judicial blockchain platforms with over 2.2 billion pieces of evidence stored on the judicial blockchain. The platforms have witnessed the constant improvement of application efficiency and standardization in evidence storage and solidifying, intelligent assistance, case file management, etc., and leveraged blockchain’s strengths in ensuring that electronic evidence and electronic service are stored safely, verified online, and tamper-proof and in other application scenarios.
In order to strengthen blockchain application in the judicial field and give full play to blockchain’s role in cementing judicial credibility, facilitating social governance, preventing and resolving risks, promoting high-quality development, etc., the Supreme People’s Court of the People’s Republic of China has formulated and released the Opinions on the basis of comprehensive investigation, extensive consultation, and sufficient argumentation. 32 items included in seven parts of the Opinions clarify the overall requirements for blockchain application in the judicial field and requirements for building the blockchain platforms of the people’s courts, chart courses for four typical application scenarios where blockchain technology facilitates the enhancement of judicial credibility, judicial efficiency, judicial collaboration, and economic and social governance, and specify guarantee measures of blockchain application. The Opinions’ features fall into the following six aspects:
First, proposing to build a judicial blockchain alliance featuring interconnectivity and sharing. According to the Opinions, by 2025, a blockchain alliance featuring interconnectivity and sharing between the people’s courts and all social sectors will come into being with the capabilities for fundamental support for data verification, trusted operation, smart contract, interoperation collaboration, etc. to be dramatically improved. By then, the judicial blockchain interoperation alliance is to be integrated into the economic and social operation system, which will actively contribute to the improvement of the business environment, economic and social governance, risk prevention and resolution, and industrial innovation and development, back China to become a peaceful, digital and credit-based country under the rule of law, and foster a world-leading model of blockchain application in the judicial field with Chinese characteristics.
Second, clarifying requirements on building the blockchain platforms of the people’s courts. The Opinions make it clear that the people’s courts need to strengthen the top-level design of blockchain application, constantly advance capacity building for interoperation collaborative application, enhance technical capabilities of the judicial blockchain, build an Internet-based judicial blockchain verification platform, and establish and optimize a standard system. In addition, the Opinions specify that it is required to create an open and shared judicial blockchain platform among people’s courts nationwide, boost the development of the interoperation alliance of the judicial blockchain platform and that of all walks of life so as to constantly enhance synergy, and build a judicial blockchain verification platform on the Internet, which enables parties and other relevant subjects to verify the authenticity of mediation data, electronic evidence, litigation documents, and other judicial data.
Third, proposing to utilize data tamper-proof technology of blockchain to enhance judicial credibility. In the Opinions, it is required that judicial data of the people’s courts, including electronic case files, electronic archives, and judicial statistical reports, is expected to be stored on the blockchain. Moreover, it is necessary to store data and operations of enforcement cases on the blockchain, uniformly store litigation documents served by the people’s courts and receipts of service on the judicial blockchain platform so as to ensure the security of judicial data and compliance of operations. The Opinions also stipulate that it is necessary to perfect the evidence verification function of the blockchain platform, which enables parties and judges to verify the electronic evidence stored on the blockchain online, so as to contribute to setting sound standards and rules for blockchain-based storage and improve the efficiency and quality of electronic evidence identification.
Fourth, proposing to optimize business processes with blockchain application to constantly improve judicial efficiency. The Opinions outline five typical application scenarios where blockchain enables circulation and application of case-filing information, connected application between mediation and trial procedures, the connection between trial and enforcement procedures, enhancement of enforcement efficiency, and enables enforcement officers and police staff to handle cases more conveniently, making more automatic business processes and higher judicial efficiency possible. Moreover, the Opinions intend to set operational rules on automatically triggering the trial procedure or the enforcement procedure upon the failure to perform mediation agreements and launch the smart contract procedure, so as to cement the judicial authority of the mediation procedure and support diversified dispute resolution.
Fifth, proposing to leverage blockchain interconnectivity to enhance judicial collaboration. The Opinions advocate to realize interoperation collaborative application between the people’s courts and administrative organs, which enables online inquiry and verification of qualifications and credit reports of lawyers in litigation activities, with higher time efficiency; to realize interoperation collaborative application between the people’s courts and procuratorial, public security, judicial, administrative and other organs, so as to improve the efficiency of online case circulation and data mutual trust; to realize interoperation collaborative application between the people’s courts and organs involved in administrative law enforcement, immovable property registration, financial securities and insurance, or organs cooperatively imposing credit-based punishment, etc. and develop a model of automatically carrying out investigation and control in enforcement and imposing credit-based punishment, so as to improve the working efficiency of collaborative enforcement.
Sixth, proposing to exploit the mutual trustworthiness of the blockchain alliance to facilitate economic and social governance. The Opinions suggest that an interoperation collaborative mechanism with blockchain platforms for intellectual property, market regulation, property registration, transactions, data ownership, online data trading, financial institutions, relevant government departments, etc. should be built so as to support intellectual property protection, business environment improvement, data development and utilization, circulation and application of financial information, bankruptcy and restructuring of enterprises, construction of the credit system, etc.
日期：2022-5-25 15:46:05 | 關(guān)閉 |
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